Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures in Uzbekistan

Facts and Data

Webpages:
Official Unesco Page
View photos from OUR PLACE the World Heritage collection
Portal to the Heritage of Astronomy

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2001
Size of heritage: 1,123 ha
- Buffer zone: 1,369 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: 67,000°
Latitude: 39,669°

Summary

The historic town of Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the 7th century B.C. as ancient Afrasiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid period from the 14th to the 15th centuries. The major monuments include the Registan Mosque and madrasas, Bibi-Khanum Mosque, the Shakhi-Zinda compound and the Gur-Emir ensemble, as well as Ulugh-Beg's Observatory.

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Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures

Samarkand, located in the Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan, is a UNESCO World Heritage site known as the "Crossroad of Cultures." With a rich history dating back over 2,500 years, this ancient city has witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the exchange of ideas, and the blending of diverse cultures.

History

Samarkand's history can be traced back to the 6th century BC when it was founded by the Sogdians, an ancient Iranian civilization. Over the centuries, it became a vital hub along the Silk Road, the ancient trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean. The city flourished under various empires, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Greek Seleucid Empire, and the Central Asian Turkic conquerors.

However, it was during the reign of Timur, also known as Tamerlane, in the 14th century that Samarkand reached its zenith. Timur transformed the city into a magnificent capital, adorned with grand palaces, mosques, and mausoleums. The most iconic architectural masterpiece from this period is the Registan Square, a vast public square surrounded by three stunning madrasas (Islamic schools).

After Timur's death, Samarkand went through a period of decline and was later conquered by various empires, including the Persian Safavids and the Russian Empire. It became part of the Soviet Union in the early 20th century and finally gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Current State

Today, Samarkand stands as a testament to its glorious past. The city's historic center, encompassing numerous architectural wonders, was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001. The preservation and restoration efforts have ensured that the ancient structures retain their original splendor.

Registan Square remains the heart of Samarkand, attracting visitors from around the world. The three madrasas – Ulugh Beg, Sher-Dor, and Tilya-Kori – showcase intricate tilework, majestic domes, and ornate portals. The square comes alive during the evening, as the buildings are illuminated, creating a mesmerizing spectacle.

Another must-visit site is the Gur-e-Amir mausoleum, the final resting place of Timur and his descendants. Its turquoise dome and intricate mosaic work make it a true architectural gem. The Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, a sacred site with a series of mausoleums, is also a highlight. Each mausoleum is adorned with vibrant blue tiles, creating a stunning visual display.