Tajikistan
Country Guide

Explore Tajikistan

Tajikistan with its capital Dushanbe is located in Asia (Central Asia, west of China). It covers some 144,101 square kilometers (slightly smaller than Wisconsin) with 8,468,560 citizens. Tajik and Russian are the languages commonly used by the people in Tajikistan. Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan are bordering countries.

Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia that borders Afghanistan to the south, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and Uzbekistan to the west and northwest. Tajikistan is a stunning place, and there is plenty to do, from the Silk Road mystique of places like Khujand and Istaravshan, to the stunning, untouched mountain scenery of the Pamirs and their accompanying allure of unclimbed peaks and virgin trekking routes.

Popular Destinations in Tajikistan

Administrative regions of Tajikistan

• Dushanbe
• Region of Republican Subordination
• Viloyati Khatlon
• Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon
• Viloyati Sughd

About the country

The landscape is mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast and western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest. The average density of population is about 59 per km². The climate in Tajikistan can be described as mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters with semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains. Potential threats by nature are earthquakes floods

To reach someone Tajikistan dial +992 prior to a number. The local cellular networks are operated on 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 3G, 4G. Websites typically end with the top level domain ".tj". If you want to bring electric appliances (e.g. battery chaarger), keep in min the local 220 V - 50 Hz (plugs: C, F). The sign for the locally used currency Somoni is TJS.

Three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness.

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. In September 2015, government security forces rebuffed attacks by the Ministry of Interior led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power during the civil war, used the attacks to ban the main opposition political party in Tajikistan. In May 2016, RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself designated “Leader of the Nation” with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajiks working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade in neighboring Afghanistan.

Geography

Area
Total (World Rank: 97)	144,100	sq km
Land (World Rank: 94)	141,510	sq km
Water (World Rank: 84)	2,590	sq km
Forest (World Rank: 62)	27.70	%
Comparative	slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Landborder
4130
Elevation
Lowest point (World Rank: 13)	300	m
Highest point (World Rank: 6)	7,495	m
Agricultural land
Total (World Rank: 122)	34.70	%
Arable (World Rank: 144)	6.10	%
Permanent crops (World Rank: 127)	0.90	%
Permanent pastures (World Rank: 62)	27.70	%
Irrigated land (World Rank: 50)	7,420	sq km
Map reference
Asia
Environment
Issues	- excessive pesticides - inadequate sanitation facilities - increasing levels of soil salinity - industrial pollution
Agreement party	- Biodiversity - Climate Change - Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol - Desertification - Environmental Modification - Ozone Layer Protection - Wetlands
Hazzards	- earthquakes - floods
Location
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan
Climate
mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Terrain
mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

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People

Population
Total (World Rank: 96)	8,468,560
Deathrate (World Rank: 164)	0.60	%
Birthrate (World Rank: 64)	2.33	%
Growthrate (World Rank: 66)	1.62	%
Migration rate (World Rank: 107)	-0.11	%
Fertility rate (World Rank: 71)	2.63	%
Median age
Male (World Rank: 158)	23.90
Female (World Rank: 157)	25.10
Age structure
0 14 male (World Rank: 87)	1,393,800
0 14 female (World Rank: 87)	1,343,820
15 24 male (World Rank: 86)	799,736
15 24 female (World Rank: 86)	776,417
25 54 male (World Rank: 95)	1,683,230
25 54 female (World Rank: 94)	1,714,510
55 64 male (World Rank: 108)	219,043
55 64 female (World Rank: 106)	257,066
65 x male (World Rank: 129)	116,511
65 x female (World Rank: 124)	164,418
Health
Infant mortality rate (World Rank: 60)	3.18	%
Life expectancy total (World Rank: 165)	68	years
Life expectancy female (World Rank: 161)	71	years
Life expectancy male (World Rank: 167)	65	years
Physicians per 1000 (World Rank: 85)	1.71
Hospital bed per 1000 (World Rank: 29)	5.50
Sanitation access total (World Rank: 73)	95.00	%
Obesity adult (World Rank: 128)	14.20	%
Drinking water access (World Rank: 176)	73.80	%

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Energy

Electricity
Production (World Rank: 81)	16,980,000,000	kWh
Consumption (World Rank: 83)	12,940,000,000	kWh
Import (World Rank: 101)	63,000,000	kWh
Source fossil (World Rank: 201)	7.00	%
Source nuclear (World Rank: 9)	93.00	%
Crude oil
Production (World Rank: 97)	180	bbl / day
Exports (World Rank: 82)	79	bbl / day
Proved reserves (World Rank: 91)	12,000,000	bbl
Refined products
Production (World Rank: 105)	446	bbl / day
Consumption (World Rank: 130)	23,000	bbl / day
Import (World Rank: 112)	21,980	bbl / day
Natural gas
Production (World Rank: 91)	20,000,000	m³
Consumption (World Rank: 110)	189,000,000	m³
Import (World Rank: 29)	0	m³
Carbon footprint
3700000

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Nation

Budget
Education (World Rank: 58)	5	% of GDP
Military (World Rank: 96)	1	% of GDP
Health (World Rank: 83)	7	% of GDP
Surplus (World Rank: 73)	-2	% of GDP
National symbol
five-pointed stars
National colours
white
Adjective
Tajikistani
Noun
Tajikistani(s)
Background
The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924, but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan, and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. In September 2015, government security forces rebuffed attacks by the Ministry of Interior led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power during the civil war, used the attacks to ban the main opposition political party in Tajikistan. In May 2016, RAHMON further strengthened his position by having himself designated “Leader of the Nation” with limitless terms and lifelong immunity through constitutional amendments ratified in a referendum. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However, its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajiks working in Russia, pervasive corruption, and the opiate trade in neighboring Afghanistan.
Flag description
three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

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Economy

Gdp
Purchasing power parity (World Rank: 136)	26,020,000,000	USD
Real growth rate (World Rank: 15)	6.90	%
Per capita purchasing power parity (World Rank: 190)	3,000	USD
Source agriculture (World Rank: 21)	27.80	%
Source industry (World Rank: 112)	25.90	%
Source service (World Rank: 188)	46.30	%
Labourforce
Total (World Rank: 117)	2,295,000
In poverty (World Rank: 54)	31.50	%
Products
Industries	- aluminum - cement - vegetable oil
Agriculture	- cattle - cotton - fruits - goats - grain - grapes - sheep - vegetables
Exports	- aluminum - cotton - electricity - fruits - textiles - vegetable oil
Imports	- aluminum oxide - equipment - foodstuffs - machinery - petroleum products

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Communication

Phone
Landline total (World Rank: 94)	468,000
Landline per 100 (World Rank: 152)	6.00
Mobile per 100 (World Rank: 94)	113.00
Assessment	0
Internet
Users (World Rank: 118)	1,705,340
Population (World Rank: 185)	20.50	%

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Transport

Air
Airports paved (World Rank: 85)	17.00
Airports unpaved (World Rank: 143)	7.00
Rail
Total length (World Rank: 103)	680
Road
Total length (World Rank: 98)	27,767
Water
Total length (World Rank: 100)	200.00

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