Archaeological Site of Atapuerca in Spain

Facts and Data

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2000
Size of heritage: 284 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: -2,453°
Latitude: 42,371°

Summary

The caves of the Sierra de Atapuerca contain a rich fossil record of the earliest human beings in Europe, from nearly one million years ago and extending up to the Common Era. They represent an exceptional reserve of data, the scientific study of which provides priceless information about the appearance and the way of life of these remote human ancestors.

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Archaeological Site of Atapuerca

The Archaeological Site of Atapuerca, located in the province of Burgos, Spain, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that holds significant importance in the study of human evolution. This site encompasses several caves and rock shelters that have provided invaluable insights into the prehistoric past, particularly the Middle Pleistocene period.

History

The history of the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca dates back over a million years. The first significant discovery was made in 1976 when a group of speleologists stumbled upon the Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) in the Sierra de Atapuerca. This pit contained an extraordinary accumulation of human fossils, including the remains of at least 28 individuals from the Middle Pleistocene era.

Since then, numerous excavations have taken place at Atapuerca, revealing a wealth of archaeological and paleontological findings. The site has provided evidence of human occupation and evolution over a vast period, from the Lower Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. The discoveries made at Atapuerca have significantly contributed to our understanding of human evolution, including the development of tool-making, social behavior, and the colonization of new territories.

Current State

The Archaeological Site of Atapuerca is a vast complex that includes several caves and rock shelters, each with its own unique characteristics and archaeological significance. The most notable sites within the complex are the Sima de los Huesos, Gran Dolina, and Galería de la Eduarda.

The Sima de los Huesos, discovered in 1976, remains one of the most important areas of the site. It is a vertical shaft that contains an exceptional collection of human fossils, providing crucial evidence for the study of human evolution during the Middle Pleistocene period.

The Gran Dolina, discovered in 1994, is another significant area within the site. It has yielded a rich assemblage of stone tools and animal remains, shedding light on the behavior and lifestyle of early human populations in the region.

The Galería de la Eduarda, discovered in 2000, is a cave that has revealed evidence of human occupation during the Bronze Age. Excavations at this site have uncovered pottery, tools, and human burials, offering insights into the cultural practices and funerary rituals of this period.

Today, the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca is a well-preserved and carefully managed heritage site. It attracts researchers, archaeologists, and visitors from around the world who come to explore its rich history and learn about the evolution of our species. The site offers guided tours and educational programs, allowing visitors to witness ongoing excavations and gain a deeper understanding of the significance of Atapuerca in the study of human evolution.

In recognition of its outstanding universal value, the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000. It stands as a testament to the remarkable archaeological discoveries made in this region and the invaluable knowledge they have provided in unraveling the mysteries of our past.