Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih) in Saudi Arabia

Facts and Data

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2008
Size of heritage: 1,621 ha
- Buffer zone: 1,659 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: 37,955°
Latitude: 26,784°

Summary

The Archaeological Site of Al-Hijr (Madâin Sâlih) is the first World Heritage property to be inscribed in Saudi Arabia. Formerly known as Hegra it is the largest conserved site of the civilization of the Nabataeans south of Petra in Jordan. It features well-preserved monumental tombs with decorated facades dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. The site also features some 50 inscriptions of the pre-Nabataean period and some cave drawings. Al-Hijr bears a unique testimony to Nabataean civilization. With its 111 monumental tombs, 94 of which are decorated, and water wells, the site is an outstanding example of the Nabataeans’ architectural accomplishment and hydraulic expertise.

Location on Map

Show bigger map on Openstreetmap

Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih)

The Al-Hijr Archaeological Site, also known as Madâin Sâlih, is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Saudi Arabia. Situated in the northwestern part of the country, it is an ancient city that dates back to the Nabatean civilization, which thrived from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. The site is located at coordinates N26 47 1 E37 57 18.

History:

The Nabateans were a nomadic Arab people who established a prosperous civilization in the region. They were skilled in trade and built a network of cities and trade routes, with Al-Hijr being one of their most important settlements. The city served as a crucial stop along the Incense Route, a trade route that connected southern Arabia with the Mediterranean world.

Al-Hijr flourished under Nabatean rule, with its inhabitants constructing impressive tombs, dwellings, and water management systems. The city's architecture showcases a unique blend of Nabatean, Hellenistic, and Roman influences. The Nabateans were known for their ability to carve intricate facades into the sandstone cliffs, creating stunning rock-cut tombs and monumental structures.

During the 1st century AD, the Nabatean Kingdom fell under Roman rule, and Al-Hijr became an important outpost of the Roman Empire. The city continued to thrive as a center of trade and cultural exchange until the decline of the Nabatean civilization in the 2nd century AD.

Current State:

Today, the Al-Hijr Archaeological Site stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural achievements of the Nabateans. The site covers an area of approximately 15 square kilometers and contains well-preserved ruins, including tombs, dwellings, and monumental structures.

The most iconic feature of the site is the rock-cut tombs, which are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions. These tombs served as burial places for the Nabatean elite and are a remarkable example of the Nabatean's mastery of rock-cut architecture.

In addition to the tombs, the site also includes a number of other structures, such as the Diwan, a large open-air meeting hall, and the Qasr al-Farid, a solitary tomb carved out of a single rock. The Qasr al-Farid is particularly notable for its size and the precision of its carving.

Despite its historical significance, the Al-Hijr Archaeological Site remains relatively unknown compared to other UNESCO World Heritage sites. However, efforts are being made to raise awareness and promote the site as a tourist destination. The Saudi government has invested in infrastructure and visitor facilities, including a visitor center and guided tours.

Preservation and conservation efforts are also underway to protect the fragile rock-cut structures from erosion and vandalism. The site is monitored by archaeologists and conservation experts to ensure its long-term preservation.

Overall, the Al-Hijr Archaeological Site is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of the Nabateans. Its well-preserved ruins provide a glimpse into the ancient civilization that once thrived in the region, making it a significant cultural and historical site in Saudi Arabia.

Videos from the area

Madain Saleh Uncovered !!!

Published: February 13, 2009
Length: 29:50 min
Rating: 4 of 5
Author: Asma Mohiuddin

Madain Saleh-the Two Cities of Prophet Saleh (peace be on him). It is a pre-Islamic archaeological site located in the Al-Ula sector, within the Al Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia. A majority...