Montenegro
Country Guide

Explore Montenegro

Montenegro with its capital Podgorica is located in Europe (Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia). It covers some 13,813 square kilometers (slightly smaller than Connecticut) with 642,550 citizens. Serbian, Hungarian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are the languages commonly used by the people in Montenegro (consider regional differences). Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo and Serbia are bordering countries.

Montenegro is a country in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, and Albania to the south. To the west of Montenegro is the Adriatic Sea. Although Montenegro's magnificent sea side scenery is best known among travellers, it's mountainous inland has some grand panoramic views to offer, too. The country shares the large freshwater Lake Skadar with neighbouring Albania. It has National Park status and offers great opportunities for hiking, bird watching and wildlife spotting. Of the many friendly fishermen's towns around it, Virpazar is the most convenient one for travellers. A real must-see is the splendid Tara River Canyon, with its steep banks rising up to 1300 meters above the River Tara waters. It's the second longest canyon in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Popular Destinations in Montenegro

Administrative regions of Montenegro

• Andrijevica
• Bar
• Berane
• Bijelo Polje
• Budva
• Cetinje
• Danilovgrad
• Gusinje
• Herceg Novi
• Kotor
• Mojkovac
• Opstina Kolasin
• Opstina Niksic
• Opstina Plav
• Opstina Pluzine
• Opstina Rozaje
• Opstina Savnik
• Opstina Zabljak
• Petnjica
• Pljevlja
• Podgorica
• Tivat
• Ulcinj

About the country

The landscape is highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus. The average density of population is about 47 per km². The climate in Montenegro can be described as Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland. Potential threats by nature are destructive earthquakes.

To reach someone Montenegro dial +381 prior to a number. The local cellular networks are operated on 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 3G, 4G. Websites typically end with the top level domain ".cs". If you want to bring electric appliances (e.g. battery chaarger), keep in min the local 230 V - 50 Hz (plugs: C, F). The sign for the locally used currency Euro is EUR.

A red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is a symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries when Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy.

The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

Geography

Area
Total (World Rank: 162)	13,812	sq km
Land (World Rank: 159)	13,452	sq km
Water (World Rank: 124)	360	sq km
Forest (World Rank: 75)	24.10	%
Comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Coastline
293.5
Landborder
680
Elevation
Highest point (World Rank: 102)	2,522	m
Agricultural land
Total (World Rank: 112)	38.20	%
Arable (World Rank: 90)	12.90	%
Permanent crops (World Rank: 114)	1.20	%
Permanent pastures (World Rank: 75)	24.10	%
Irrigated land (World Rank: 162)	24	sq km
Map reference
Europe
Environment
Issues	- especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor - pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets
Agreement party	- Air Pollution - Biodiversity - Climate Change - Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol - Desertification - Hazardous Wastes - Law of the Sea - Marine Dumping - Marine Life Conservation - Ozone Layer Protection - Ship Pollution
Hazzards	destructive earthquakes
Location
Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
Climate
Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
Terrain
highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus

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People

Population
Total (World Rank: 167)	642,550
Deathrate (World Rank: 46)	0.97	%
Birthrate (World Rank: 191)	1.00	%
Growthrate (World Rank: 209)	-0.28	%
Median age
Male (World Rank: 38)	39.90
Female (World Rank: 48)	41.80
Age structure
0 14 male (World Rank: 174)	47,937
0 14 female (World Rank: 173)	49,102
15 24 male (World Rank: 176)	27,510
15 24 female (World Rank: 173)	34,053
25 54 male (World Rank: 162)	161,842
25 54 female (World Rank: 165)	137,549
55 64 male (World Rank: 155)	43,561
55 64 female (World Rank: 155)	43,686
65 x male (World Rank: 153)	39,164
65 x female (World Rank: 148)	58,146
Health
Physicians per 1000 (World Rank: 65)	2.34
Hospital bed per 1000 (World Rank: 51)	4.00
Sanitation access total (World Rank: 68)	95.90	%
Obesity adult (World Rank: 66)	23.30	%
Drinking water access (World Rank: 50)	99.70	%

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Energy

Electricity
Production (World Rank: 132)	2,897,000,000	kWh
Consumption (World Rank: 136)	2,834,000,000	kWh
Export (World Rank: 67)	517,000,000	kWh
Import (World Rank: 67)	1,040,000,000	kWh
Source fossil (World Rank: 190)	24.80	%
Source nuclear (World Rank: 17)	75.20	%
Refined products
Consumption (World Rank: 167)	6,000	bbl / day
Export (World Rank: 116)	257	bbl / day
Import (World Rank: 155)	6,244	bbl / day
Natural gas
Consumption (World Rank: 175)	1	m³
Carbon footprint
18000000

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Nation

Budget
Military (World Rank: 67)	2	% of GDP
Health (World Rank: 96)	6	% of GDP
Surplus (World Rank: 181)	-8	% of GDP
National symbol
double-headed eagle
National colours
red
Adjective
Montenegrin
Noun
Montenegrin(s)
Background
The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.
Flag description
a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is a symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries when Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy

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Economy

Gdp
Purchasing power parity (World Rank: 159)	10,370,000,000	USD
Real growth rate (World Rank: 109)	2.50	%
Per capita purchasing power parity (World Rank: 100)	16,600	USD
Source agriculture (World Rank: 101)	8.30	%
Source industry (World Rank: 142)	21.20	%
Source service (World Rank: 62)	70.50	%
Labourforce
Total (World Rank: 166)	263,200
In poverty (World Rank: 155)	8.60	%
Products
Industries	- agricultural processing - aluminum - consumer goods - steelmaking - tourism
Agriculture	- citrus fruits - grapes - olives - potatoes - sheep - tobacco

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Communication

Phone
Landline total (World Rank: 131)	148,015
Landline per 100 (World Rank: 75)	23.00
Mobile per 100 (World Rank: 20)	161.00
Assessment	0
Internet
Users (World Rank: 149)	450,442
Population (World Rank: 74)	69.90	%

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Transport

Air
Airports paved (World Rank: 149)	5.00
Heliports (World Rank: 108)	1.00
Rail
Total length (World Rank: 126)	250.00
Road
Total length (World Rank: 143)	7,762
Paved length (World Rank: 85)	7,141
Unpaved length (World Rank: 128)	621

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