Mongolia
Country Guide

Explore Mongolia

Mongolia with its capital Ulan Bator is located in Asia (Northern Asia, between China and Russia). It covers some 1,564,121 square kilometers (slightly smaller than Alaska) with a population of 3,068,240. Mongolian and Russian are the languages spoken by people in Mongolia. Did you know that is sharing borders with China and Russia.

Mongolia is a landlocked country located between China and Russia. It is a vast emptiness that links land and sky, and is one of the last few places on the planet where nomadic life is still a living tradition. Mongolia is home to the three manly sports: wrestling, horse racing, and archery, and these are same three sporting events that take place every year at the Naadam festival. Local Bonda Lake Camp in Khatgal village near Lake Khovsgol offers various nature and cultural featuring: fishing, hiking, winter tours, nomad visits, horse back riding, visiting reindeer herders and Darhad valley.

Popular Destinations in Mongolia

Administrative regions of Mongolia

• Arhangay Aymag
• Bayan-OElgiy Aymag
• Bayanhongor Aymag
• Bulgan
• Darhan-Uul Aymag
• Dornod Aymag
• Dornogovi Aymag
• Dundgovi Aymag
• Dzavhan Aymag
• Govi-Altay Aymag
• Govi-Sumber
• Hentiy Aymag
• Hovd
• Hovsgol Aymag
• OmnOgovi
• Orhon Aymag
• OvOrhangay
• Selenge Aymag
• Suhbaatar Aymag
• Tov Aymag
• Ulaanbaatar Hot
• Uvs Aymag

About the country

The terrain is vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest having Gobi Desert in south-central. The average density of population is about 2 per km². The climate in Mongolia can be described as desert with continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges). Possible natural disasters include "zud," which is harsh winter conditions, drought, dust storms and grassland and forest fires.

To reach someone Mongolia dial +976 prior to a number. The local cellular networks are operated on 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 3G, 4G. Websites typically end with the top level domain ".mn". If you want to bring electric appliances (e.g. battery chaarger), keep in min the local 230 V - 50 Hz (plugs: C, E). The sign for the locally used currency Tugrik is MNT.

Three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity.

The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1911 and achieved limited autonomy until 1919, when it again came under Chinese control. The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 ended Chinese dominance, and a communist regime, the Mongolian People’s Republic, took power in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Since the country's peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the country's most recent parliamentary elections in June 2016, Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament, largely pushing out the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. President ELBEGDORJ, a DP member, will finish his second term as president in 2017, and is not eligible to run for re-election.

Geography

Area
Total (World Rank: 20)	1,564,120	sq km
Land (World Rank: 18)	1,553,560	sq km
Water (World Rank: 45)	10,560	sq km
Forest (World Rank: 9)	72.60	%
Comparative	slightly smaller than Alaska; more than twice the size of Texas
Landborder
8082
Elevation
Lowest point (World Rank: 6)	560	m
Highest point (World Rank: 38)	4,374	m
Agricultural land
Total (World Rank: 19)	73.00	%
Arable (World Rank: 212)	0.40	%
Permanent pastures (World Rank: 9)	72.60	%
Irrigated land (World Rank: 107)	840	sq km
Map reference
Asia
Environment
Issues	- and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain - deforestation - desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment - limited natural freshwater resources in some areas - overgrazing - the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar - the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment
Agreement party	- Biodiversity - Climate Change - Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol - Desertification - Endangered Species - Environmental Modification - Hazardous Wastes - Law of the Sea - Ozone Layer Protection - Ship Pollution - Wetlands - Whaling
Hazzards	- "zud," which is harsh winter conditions - drought - dust storms - grassland and forest fires
Location
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Climate
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central

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People

Population
Total (World Rank: 135)	3,068,240
Deathrate (World Rank: 150)	0.63	%
Birthrate (World Rank: 87)	1.89	%
Growthrate (World Rank: 93)	1.18	%
Migration rate (World Rank: 98)	-0.08	%
Fertility rate (World Rank: 106)	2.09	%
Median age
Male (World Rank: 135)	27.50
Female (World Rank: 122)	29.20
Age structure
0 14 male (World Rank: 131)	421,675
0 14 female (World Rank: 130)	405,298
15 24 male (World Rank: 135)	249,805
15 24 female (World Rank: 135)	243,784
25 54 male (World Rank: 134)	677,679
25 54 female (World Rank: 131)	721,435
55 64 male (World Rank: 137)	99,099
55 64 female (World Rank: 136)	117,818
65 x male (World Rank: 147)	53,364
65 x female (World Rank: 142)	78,286
Health
Infant mortality rate (World Rank: 79)	2.11	%
Life expectancy total (World Rank: 157)	70	years
Life expectancy female (World Rank: 151)	74	years
Life expectancy male (World Rank: 163)	66	years
Physicians per 1000 (World Rank: 44)	2.88
Hospital bed per 1000 (World Rank: 14)	6.80
Sanitation access total (World Rank: 152)	59.70	%
Obesity adult (World Rank: 96)	20.60	%
Drinking water access (World Rank: 183)	64.40	%

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Energy

Electricity
Production (World Rank: 120)	5,192,000,000	kWh
Consumption (World Rank: 116)	5,785,000,000	kWh
Export (World Rank: 85)	51,000,000	kWh
Import (World Rank: 60)	1,427,000,000	kWh
Source fossil (World Rank: 57)	94.90	%
Source renew (World Rank: 94)	5.10	%
Crude oil
Production (World Rank: 64)	23,430	bbl / day
Exports (World Rank: 56)	14,360	bbl / day
Refined products
Consumption (World Rank: 125)	26,000	bbl / day
Import (World Rank: 107)	24,380	bbl / day
Natural gas
Consumption (World Rank: 172)	2	m³
Carbon footprint
14000000

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Nation

Budget
Education (World Rank: 88)	5	% of GDP
Military (World Rank: 122)	1	% of GDP
Health (World Rank: 152)	5	% of GDP
Surplus (World Rank: 203)	-15	% of GDP
National symbol
soyombo emblem
National colours
yellow
Adjective
Mongolian
Noun
Mongolian(s)
Background
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing Empire in 1911 and achieved limited autonomy until 1919, when it again came under Chinese control. The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 ended Chinese dominance, and a communist regime, the Mongolian People’s Republic, took power in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Since the country's peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP) and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In the country's most recent parliamentary elections in June 2016, Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament, largely pushing out the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia’s economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. President ELBEGDORJ, a DP member, will finish his second term as president in 2017, and is not eligible to run for re-election.
Flag description
three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity

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Economy

Gdp
Purchasing power parity (World Rank: 121)	36,990,000,000	USD
Real growth rate (World Rank: 174)	1.00	%
Per capita purchasing power parity (World Rank: 122)	12,300	USD
Source agriculture (World Rank: 73)	13.30	%
Source industry (World Rank: 44)	35.30	%
Source service (World Rank: 170)	51.40	%
Labourforce
Total (World Rank: 136)	1,240,000
In poverty (World Rank: 101)	21.60	%
Products
Industries	- beverages - cashmere - coal - construction - construction materials - copper - fluorspar - food - gold - mining - molybdenum - natural fiber manufacturing - oil - processing of animal products - tin - tungsten
Agriculture	- barley - camels - cattle - forage crops - goats - horses - sheep - vegetables - wheat
Exports	- animal products - apparel - cashmere - coal - copper - crude oil - fluorspar - hides - livestock - other nonferrous metals - wool
Imports	- appliances - building materials - cars - chemicals - cigarettes - detergent - equipment - food products - fuel - industrial consumer goods - machinery - soap - tobacco

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Communication

Phone
Landline total (World Rank: 123)	225,287
Landline per 100 (World Rank: 143)	7.00
Mobile per 100 (World Rank: 103)	111.00
Assessment	0
Internet
Users (World Rank: 141)	674,949
Population (World Rank: 181)	22.30	%

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Transport

Air
Airports paved (World Rank: 99)	15.00
Airports unpaved (World Rank: 85)	29.00
Heliports (World Rank: 111)	1.00
Rail
Total length (World Rank: 78)	1,815
Road
Total length (World Rank: 79)	49,249
Paved length (World Rank: 101)	4,800
Unpaved length (World Rank: 37)	44,449
Water
Total length (World Rank: 83)	580

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