Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco in Mexico

Facts and Data

Webpages:
Official Unesco Page
View photos from OUR PLACE the World Heritage collection

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 1987
Size of heritage:

Coordinates:
Longitude: -98,867°
Latitude: 19,418°

Summary

Built in the 16th century by the Spanish on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the old Aztec capital, Mexico City is now one of the world's largest and most densely populated cities. It has five Aztec temples, the ruins of which have been identified, a cathedral (the largest on the continent) and some fine 19th- and 20th-century public buildings such as the Palacio de las Bellas Artes. Xochimilco lies 28 km south of Mexico City. With its network of canals and artificial islands, it testifies to the efforts of the Aztec people to build a habitat in the midst of an unfavourable environment. Its characteristic urban and rural structures, built since the 16th century and during the colonial period; have been preserved in an exceptional manner.

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Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco

The Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the heart of Mexico City, the capital of Mexico. It encompasses the historic center of the city and the picturesque borough of Xochimilco, covering an area of approximately 1,479 hectares. The site is divided into three delegations: Cuauhtemoc, Venustiano Carranza, and Xochimilco.

History

The history of the Historic Centre of Mexico City dates back to the 14th century when the Aztecs established their capital, Tenochtitlan, on the site. The city flourished as the center of the Aztec Empire until the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. The Spanish colonizers destroyed much of the Aztec city and built their own colonial city on top of it.

The Historic Centre of Mexico City became the political, economic, and cultural center of New Spain, the Spanish colony in the Americas. The area was filled with grand colonial buildings, churches, and plazas, showcasing the architectural and artistic styles of the Spanish Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Over the centuries, the city continued to grow and evolve, witnessing various historical events, including the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century and the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century. These events left their mark on the city's architecture and urban fabric.

Current State

Today, the Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco is a vibrant and bustling area, attracting both locals and tourists alike. The historic center is home to numerous landmarks and attractions, including the Metropolitan Cathedral, the National Palace, and the Templo Mayor archaeological site, which showcases the remains of the Aztec city.

The area is also known for its vibrant street life, with bustling markets, street vendors, and traditional Mexican cuisine. Visitors can explore the narrow streets and colonial buildings, admiring the intricate facades and ornate balconies.

Xochimilco, located in the southern part of the city, offers a stark contrast to the historic center. It is famous for its network of canals and floating gardens, known as chinampas, which were created by the Aztecs. Visitors can take colorful trajineras, traditional Mexican boats, and cruise along the canals, enjoying the picturesque scenery and lively atmosphere.

Preservation efforts have been made to protect and conserve the Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco. The area has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1987, recognizing its outstanding universal value and cultural significance. The Mexican government has implemented various measures to safeguard the site, including strict building regulations and restoration projects.

The Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco continues to be a vibrant and living testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Mexico. It serves as a reminder of the city's ancient roots, colonial past, and its ongoing cultural traditions.