Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco in Mexico

Facts and Data

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 1999
Size of heritage: 708 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: -98,725°
Latitude: 18,810°

Summary

Xochicalco is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a fortified political, religious and commercial centre from the troubled period of 650–900 that followed the break-up of the great Mesoamerican states such as Teotihuacan, Monte Albán, Palenque and Tikal.

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Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco

The Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the municipalities of Temixco and Miacatlán, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. This ancient city was once a thriving center of culture and trade during the Classic period of Mesoamerican civilization.

History

Xochicalco was founded around 650 AD and reached its peak between the 7th and 9th centuries. The city was strategically located on a hilltop, providing a commanding view of the surrounding valley. Its favorable position allowed Xochicalco to become a significant political, economic, and religious center in the region.

The city's name, Xochicalco, translates to "in the place of the house of flowers" in the Nahuatl language. This name reflects the beauty and abundance of flowers that once adorned the city. Xochicalco was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures, including the Olmecs, Toltecs, and Aztecs, who all left their mark on the site.

The architecture of Xochicalco is a testament to the advanced engineering and astronomical knowledge of its inhabitants. The site features impressive structures such as the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent, the Temple of the Plumed Conch, and the Observatory. These buildings showcase intricate carvings, murals, and sculptures that depict mythological and astronomical themes.

Current State

Today, the Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco is a well-preserved site that offers visitors a glimpse into the rich history of Mesoamerican civilization. The site covers an area of approximately 500 hectares and includes both residential and ceremonial structures.

Visitors can explore the various architectural wonders of Xochicalco, including the ball court, the palace, and the residential areas. The Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent, also known as the Temple of Quetzalcoatl, is one of the most iconic structures in the site. Its intricate carvings and reliefs depict the feathered serpent deity, a prominent figure in Mesoamerican mythology.

The Observatory is another remarkable feature of Xochicalco. This circular building was used to study celestial movements and served as a calendar and astronomical observatory. Its design and alignment with celestial events demonstrate the advanced astronomical knowledge of the ancient inhabitants.

The site is also home to a museum that houses a collection of artifacts found during excavations. The museum provides further insight into the daily life, religious practices, and artistic achievements of the people who once inhabited Xochicalco.

Preservation efforts have been made to protect and conserve the site, ensuring its cultural and historical significance is preserved for future generations. The Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco continues to be a popular destination for tourists and researchers alike, offering a unique opportunity to explore the ancient wonders of Mesoamerica.

In conclusion, the Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco in Mexico is a UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases the architectural and cultural achievements of the Mesoamerican civilization. Its well-preserved structures and artifacts provide valuable insights into the history and traditions of the ancient inhabitants. Xochicalco stands as a testament to the ingenuity and sophistication of Mesoamerican cultures and serves as a reminder of their enduring legacy.