Canada
Country Guide

Explore Canada

Canada with its capital Ottawa is located in North America (Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east). It covers some 9,984,671 square kilometers (slightly larger than the US) with a population of 35,623,700. English, French and Inuktitut are the languages spoken by people in Canada (consider regional differences). Did you know that United States is the only bordering country.

Canada is the second largest country in the world and the largest in North America. Canada is a land of vast distances and rich natural beauty. Economically and technologically, it resembles its neighbour to the south, the United States, although there are significant differences between the two countries. Trying to distill the climate of Canada into an easy-to-understand statement is impossible, given the vast area that this country occupies. Much of southern Ontario has a climate similar to the northeastern United States. Visiting Canada all in one trip is a massive undertaking. Over 5000 kilometres separate St. John's, Newfoundland from Victoria, British Columbia. There are many cities in Canada, all of which are distinctive, welcoming to tourists, and well worth visiting. All potential visitors, whether applying for a temporary resident visa or requesting landing permission at the border must be of good moral character, and under Canadian law this means having a completely clean criminal history. Immigration authorities take character concerns of visitors very seriously and any offence, misdemeanor or felony, regardless of how minor or how long ago it took place can exclude you from Canada for a period of time, indefinitely, or permanently. English and French are the only two official languages in Canada. In some parts of the country, April and May mark the beginning of Canadian music festival season. Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories celebrates spring with the Cariblues Festival, Halifax showcases chamber music with the Scotia Festival of Music and Ottawa highlights concerts, flowers and history at the Canadian Tulip Festival.

Popular Destinations in Canada

Administrative regions of Canada

• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Manitoba
• New Brunswick/Nouveau-Brunswick
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Northwest Territories
• Nova Scotia
• Nunavut
• Ontario
• Prince Edward Island
• Quebec
• Saskatchewan
• Yukon

About the country

The terrain is mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast. The average density of population is about 4 per km². The climate in Canada can be described as varying from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north. Possible natural disasters include continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development, cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains and the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant.

To reach someone Canada dial +1 prior to a number. The local cellular networks are operated on 850 MHz, 1900 MHz, 3G, 4G. Websites typically end with the top level domain ".ca". If you want to bring electric appliances (e.g. battery chaarger), keep in min the local 120 V - 60 Hz (plugs: A, B). The sign for the locally used currency Dollar is CAD.

Two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol.

A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867, while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada repatriated its constitution from the UK in 1982, severing a final colonial tie. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest international border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.

Geography

Area
Total (World Rank: 3)	9,984,670	sq km
Land (World Rank: 5)	9,093,510	sq km
Water (World Rank: 1)	891,163	sq km
Forest (World Rank: 183)	1.60	%
Comparative	slightly larger than the US
Coastline
202080
Landborder
8893
Elevation
Highest point (World Rank: 16)	5,959	m
Agricultural land
Total (World Rank: 205)	6.80	%
Arable (World Rank: 155)	4.70	%
Permanent crops (World Rank: 146)	0.50	%
Permanent pastures (World Rank: 183)	1.60	%
Irrigated land (World Rank: 48)	8,700	sq km
Map reference
North America
Environment
Issues	- air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests - and forestry activities - and vehicle emissions impacting agricultural and forest productivity - coal-burning utilities - industrial - metal smelting - mining - ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural
Agreement party	- Air Pollution - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides - Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants - Air Pollution-Sulfur 85 - Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 - Antarctic Seals - Antarctic Treaty - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol - Antarctic-Marine Living Resources - Biodiversity - Climate Change - Desertification - Endangered Species - Environmental Modification - Hazardous Wastes - Law of the Sea - Marine Dumping - Ozone Layer Protection - Ship Pollution - Tropical Timber 83 - Tropical Timber 94 - Wetlands
Agreement signed	- Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds - Marine Life Conservation
Hazzards	- continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development - cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains - the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant
Location
Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Climate
varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Terrain
mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast

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People

Population
Total (World Rank: 38)	35,623,700
Deathrate (World Rank: 72)	0.87	%
Birthrate (World Rank: 187)	1.03	%
Growthrate (World Rank: 138)	0.73	%
Migration rate (World Rank: 18)	0.57	%
Fertility rate (World Rank: 179)	1.60	%
Median age
Male (World Rank: 25)	40.90
Female (World Rank: 31)	43.50
Age structure
0 14 male (World Rank: 61)	2,819,280
0 14 female (World Rank: 62)	2,680,020
15 24 male (World Rank: 52)	2,171,700
15 24 female (World Rank: 52)	2,048,550
25 54 male (World Rank: 36)	7,227,140
25 54 female (World Rank: 36)	7,020,160
55 64 male (World Rank: 26)	2,492,120
55 64 female (World Rank: 26)	2,529,650
65 x male (World Rank: 18)	2,958,720
65 x female (World Rank: 20)	3,676,330
Health
Infant mortality rate (World Rank: 177)	0.45	%
Life expectancy total (World Rank: 21)	82	years
Life expectancy female (World Rank: 18)	85	years
Life expectancy male (World Rank: 20)	79	years
Physicians per 1000 (World Rank: 61)	2.48
Hospital bed per 1000 (World Rank: 81)	2.70
Sanitation access total (World Rank: 21)	99.80	%
Obesity adult (World Rank: 26)	29.40	%
Drinking water access (World Rank: 45)	99.80	%

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Energy

Electricity
Production (World Rank: 6)	643,200,000,000	kWh
Consumption (World Rank: 6)	516,600,000,000	kWh
Export (World Rank: 2)	73,350,000,000	kWh
Import (World Rank: 26)	9,303,000,000	kWh
Source fossil (World Rank: 188)	26.30	%
Source nuclear (World Rank: 118)	9.20	%
Source renew (World Rank: 63)	11.40	%
Crude oil
Production (World Rank: 7)	3,679,000	bbl / day
Exports (World Rank: 5)	2,671,000	bbl / day
Imports (World Rank: 12)	892,500	bbl / day
Proved reserves (World Rank: 3)	169,700,000,000	bbl
Refined products
Production (World Rank: 10)	1,883,000	bbl / day
Consumption (World Rank: 10)	2,379,000	bbl / day
Export (World Rank: 8)	991,600	bbl / day
Import (World Rank: 23)	381,200	bbl / day
Natural gas
Production (World Rank: 5)	149,900,000,000	m³
Consumption (World Rank: 10)	114,800,000,000	m³
Export (World Rank: 4)	78,250,000,000	m³
Import (World Rank: 42)	0	m³
Carbon footprint
564000000

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Nation

Budget
Education (World Rank: 53)	5	% of GDP
Military (World Rank: 114)	1	% of GDP
Health (World Rank: 20)	10	% of GDP
Surplus (World Rank: 80)	-2	% of GDP
National symbol
maple leaf
National colours
white
Adjective
Canadian
Noun
Canadian(s)
Background
A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867, while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada repatriated its constitution from the UK in 1982, severing a final colonial tie. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest international border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.
Flag description
two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol

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Economy

Gdp
Purchasing power parity (World Rank: 17)	1,683,000,000,000	USD
Real growth rate (World Rank: 156)	1.50	%
Per capita purchasing power parity (World Rank: 33)	46,400	USD
Source agriculture (World Rank: 182)	1.70	%
Source industry (World Rank: 97)	27.50	%
Source service (World Rank: 60)	70.80	%
Labourforce
Total (World Rank: 30)	19,440,000
In poverty (World Rank: 150)	9.40	%
Products
Industries	- chemicals - fish products - food products - natural gas - paper products - petroleum - processed - transportation equipment - unprocessed minerals - wood
Agriculture	- barley - dairy products - fish - forest products - fruits - oilseed - tobacco - vegetables - wheat
Exports	- aircraft - aluminum - chemicals - crude petroleum - electricity - fertilizers - industrial machinery - motor vehicles - natural gas - parts - plastics - telecommunications equipment - timber - wood pulp
Imports	- chemicals - crude oil - durable consumer goods - electricity - equipment - machinery - motor vehicles - parts

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Communication

Phone
Landline total (World Rank: 15)	14,987,500
Landline per 100 (World Rank: 31)	42.00
Mobile per 100 (World Rank: 156)	86.00
Assessment	0
Internet
Users (World Rank: 22)	31,770,000
Population (World Rank: 24)	89.80	%

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Transport

Air
Airports paved (World Rank: 4)	523
Airports unpaved (World Rank: 5)	944
Heliports (World Rank: 10)	26.00
Rail
Total length (World Rank: 4)	77,932
Road
Total length (World Rank: 7)	1,042,300
Paved length (World Rank: 9)	415,600
Unpaved length (World Rank: 3)	626,700
Water
Total length (World Rank: 79)	636

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