Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape
Unesco World Heritage

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Introduction

The Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape, located in the State of Burgenland in Austria and the County of Györ-Moson-Sopron in Hungary, is a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its exceptional natural and cultural significance. This unique landscape, encompassing the Neusiedlersee Lake and its surrounding areas, has a rich history dating back centuries and continues to captivate visitors with its diverse ecosystems and cultural heritage.

History

The history of the Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape is deeply intertwined with the development of human settlements and their interaction with the natural environment. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Neolithic period. Over the centuries, various civilizations, including the Celts, Romans, and Magyars, have left their mark on the landscape. During the Middle Ages, the area became an important trade route connecting Western and Eastern Europe. The construction of fortresses and castles, such as the Esterházy Palace, reflected the strategic importance of the region. The landscape also witnessed the rise and fall of empires, including the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, which left their architectural and cultural imprints.

Current State

Today, the Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape is a harmonious blend of natural and cultural elements. The Neusiedlersee Lake, the largest steppe lake in Central Europe, is the centerpiece of the landscape. Its shallow waters, reed beds, and salt pans create a unique habitat for a wide range of plant and animal species, including rare and endangered ones. The lake is a vital stopover for migratory birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. The surrounding areas of the cultural landscape are characterized by a mosaic of vineyards, meadows, wetlands, and traditional villages. The traditional Puszta farming system, which involves extensive grazing and haymaking, has shaped the landscape for centuries. The vineyards produce renowned wines, and the region is known for its culinary traditions, including the famous Hungarian goulash. The cultural heritage of the Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape is preserved through the numerous historic buildings and sites scattered throughout the region. The Esterházy Palace, a magnificent Baroque palace, stands as a testament to the wealth and power of the Esterházy family. The village of Fertöd, with its well-preserved traditional houses, provides a glimpse into rural life in the past. Efforts to protect and sustain the cultural landscape are undertaken by both Austria and Hungary. The two countries collaborate closely to ensure the preservation of the site's outstanding universal value. Conservation measures include the maintenance of traditional farming practices, the protection of biodiversity, and the promotion of sustainable tourism. In conclusion, the Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape is a remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases the harmonious coexistence of nature and human civilization. Its rich history, diverse ecosystems, and cultural heritage make it a must-visit destination for those seeking to explore the unique landscapes and traditions of Central Europe.